Social Vulnerability and Macroeconomic Forecast: A Review from the Current Context.

In the current context, various factors add to the existing social and economic crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which, when articulated with common conflicting facts, increase projections regarding the slowdown in the economy, with an impact on inflation and declines in global economic growth. As part of the adverse effects of these variables, if the increase in the cost of basic products and services was anticipated, the supply chain escaped, food safety, the widening of social gaps, poverty, contributing to the massification of restrictive medicines, increasing vulnerabilities in social and political scenarios, in addition to less dynamism in the global economy, in the availability of food resources, increases in energy prices, inflationary pressure, among others. Previously, this investigative note explores the macroeconomic forecast, taking as reference the informants of the year 2022 brought by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Economic Committee for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Inter-American Development Bank. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] En el contexto actual, diversos factores se suman a la crisis social y económica a existente, como la pandemia COVID-19 y la invasión rusa a Ucrania que, al articularse con los hechos conflictivos comunes, aumentan las proyecciones con respecto a la desaceleración de la economía, con incidencia en la inflación y mermas en el crecimiento económico global. Como parte de los efectos adversos de estas va1riables, se prevé el aumento en el costo de los productos y servicios básicos, escasez en la cadena de suministros, inseguridad alimentaria, ampliación de las brechas sociales, de la pobreza, contribuyendo a la toma de medidas restrictivas, aumentando las vulnerabilidades en los escenarios sociales y en materia política, además de un menor dinamismo en la economía global, en la disponibilidad de recursos alimentarios, aumentos de los precios de la energía, presión inflacionaria, entre otros. En virtud de lo anterior, la presente nota de investigación explora la prognosis macroeconómica, tomando como referentes los informes del año 2022 aportados por el Banco Mundial, el Fondo Monetario Internacional, la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Revista de Filosofía is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The South Korean Economy in the Face of New Challenges

The South Korean economic miracle is often used as an example of the consolidation of business and government in the interests of national prosperity. Thanks to rapid industrialization and the implementation of an export-oriented economic model, the Republic of Korea (ROK) acquired the status of a developed country already in the mid-1990s. An important factor of South Korea's success at the global level is the fact that the foreign economic relations of the ROK have been closely intertwined with access to world markets, technologies, and investments. However, the economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and global geopolitical differences have been testing even the most stable economies. Since the South Korean economy has been deeply integrated into international trade and finance, it has become very vulnerable to outside challenges. The strengthening of partnership cooperation with the US requires that President Yoon's administration dramatically diversify foreign economic ties. Of special interest here are Russian-South Korean economic ties and their prospects. At present, the two countries' economic partnership is facing a major test in the form of sanctions pressure on the Russian Federation. As for domestic challenges for South Korea, the new administration of President Yoon has inherited many unresolved problems that have only been worsening - primarily unemployment (especially among young people), inflation, a housing crisis, and the country's ag: ing population. In this article, the authors analyze current foreign and domestic challenges facing the ROK economy. In addition, emphasis is placed on issues of Russian-South'Korean economic relations.

Special issue of the journal international economics and economic policy: international economics, climate policy innovations and economic policy (IEEP, issue 2)

On September 24th, 2021, the European Institute for International Economic Relations (EIIW/University of Wuppertal) hosted an international workshop in the context of marking the Institute’s 25th Anniversary;it had initially been hoped that postponing the workshop from the originally intended date in 2020 to 2021 would allow to have a normal in person conference, but COVID-19 dynamics continued to disrupt plans, and the workshop took place belatedly in an online format. Founded at the University of Potsdam, the Institute subsequently moved to the University of Wuppertal where, over many years, the EIIW team and guest researchers have contributed greatly to international economic analysis. This has included work for various International Organizations (e.g., the United Nations, International Monetary Fund) as well as research for governments (and public agencies) in the European Union — including the European Parliament and the European Commission — companies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) across Europe. The Special Issue presented here provides an exemplary selection of the research in the Institute’s area of expertise. It places an analytical focus on International Economics, climate-policy-related research, International Organizations and economic policy analysis, including some of the first papers with analytical economic findings on the effects of the Russo-Ukrainian war. This special issue thus reflects key fields of International Economics and climate policy as well as research on key aspects of the war in the Ukraine.

ASSESSING AND IMPROVING THE FINANCIAL LITERACY OF THE POPULATION

In the era of the development of the digital economy, information society, and increasing globalization processes, the relevance of the study of the socio-economic institution of financial literacy of the population is beyond doubt. However, the rapid emergence of new financial and economic products and services, the expansion of money markets and instruments provides for the need for mobile education of the population and the transition to innovative digital ways and methods of regulation of financial and economic relations. In this regard, the identification and assessment of tasks related to the solution of financial literacy issues are particularly relevant both for the formation of the economy of a single state andfor the development of the entire system of global international economic relations. The 21st century is characterized by rapid political and economic changes, crises, including those caused by global climate change, the spread of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons, outbreaks of infectious diseases. In this period the need to make informed financial decisions increases, the more so as the value of savings decreases. Free access to relevant and reliable information in the field of finance and protection of consumer rights in the financial sector is becoming increasingly important. This is largely influenced by limited material goods, instability, and low predictability of financial markets development. This paper addresses the issue of assessing and improving financial literacy in two countries: Portugal and the Russian Federation. The elaboration of the issue will be carried out by considering the concept and essence of financial literacy in the context of the genesis and transformation of economic culture;Analysis of criteria, methods, and ways of assessing the level offinancial literacy of the population;as well as analysis of the conditions of the current situation in the two examined countries.